Discord’s tech stack comprises a combination of programming languages, frameworks, and technologies that enable its functionality as a communication and community platform. While the specific details may evolve over time, the following elements are still part of Discord’s tech stack:

Backend:

• Language: Discord primarily utilizes Elixir, a functional programming language built on the Erlang virtual machine (BEAM), known for its scalability and fault tolerance.
• Framework: Discord uses the Phoenix web framework, which is built with Elixir and designed for building scalable and real-time applications.
• Database: The main database used by Discord is PostgreSQL, an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS).

Frontend:

• Language: The Discord client employs JavaScript (JS) as its primary programming language for front-end development.
• Frameworks: Discord uses React, a popular JavaScript library for building user interfaces, to develop its frontend components. Redux, a state management library, is also utilized in combination with React.
• Styling: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used for styling the user interface, and Discord employs various CSS preprocessors like Sass for enhanced functionality.

Real-time Communication:

• WebSockets: Discord utilizes WebSockets, a communication protocol that provides full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection, enabling real-time communication between clients and servers.
• Voice and Video: Discord relies on the Opus audio codec and the WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) protocol to facilitate voice and video communication.

Infrastructure and Services:

• Cloud Services: Discord is hosted on cloud infrastructure, primarily leveraging Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for its server infrastructure.
• Distributed Systems: Discord employs distributed systems concepts to ensure scalability and fault tolerance across its infrastructure, utilizing technologies such as distributed caching systems and load balancing.
• Service Architecture: Discord follows a microservices architecture, where different components and functionalities are divided into smaller, independent services that communicate with each other to provide the overall functionality.

At bitbyte, we have experienced developers working on the above stack. if you are interested to make such a product, feel free to contact us .